M.A./M.Sc. Part -I, 2008 Prospectus No.081811

M.A./M.Sc. Part -II, 2008

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PROSPECTUS

M.A./M.Sc. Examination Part-I & part-ii of 2008

geography

2007

Price Rs. 9 /-

PUBLISHED BY

Shri C. D. Deshmukh

Registrar

Sant Gadge Baba

Amravati University

Amravati- 444 602

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SYLLABUS

PRISCRIBED FOR

M.A./M.Sc. PART-I & part-ii

GEOGRAPHY

There shall be three papers and two practicals. The distribution of marks for the papers and practicals for M.A.Part-I & Part-II examinations, shall be as under.

M.A./ M.Sc. PART-I Examination

Paper Name of Paper Marks

Number

I Geomorphology and Oceanography 100

II Climatology and Escosystem 100

III Regional Planning and Development Geography & 100

Tourism

Practicals

I Practical -I 100

II Practical -II 100

Total Marks 500

M.A./M.Sc. Part-II Examination

I. History of Geographical thoughts and Political 100

Geography

II. Grography of Water Resources & 100

Economic activities

III. Optional: 100

a) Geography of Population

b) Geography of Agriculture

I Practical-I : 100

II Practical-II : 100

Total 500

Notes:-

1) The theory papers shall have five units each.

2) There will be one question on each unit. Each question will have an alternate choice.

3) The theory papers shall be of three hours duration and each practical examination shall be of four hours duration.

4) The syllabus of each theory paper is based on five clock hours per week and each practical on six clock hours per week, per batch of ten students. There shall be seminar for students of two clock hours per batch per week.

5) Preparation of report from the tourist point of view at selected tourist centres for every student.

M.A./M.Sc.(Geography) Part- I

Paper-I Geomorphology and Oceanography

Course contents:

Unit-I : Nature and scope of Geomorphology, Fundamental concepts-Geological structuares and landforms, uniformitarianism, multicyclic and ploygenetic evolution of landscopes, concept of threshold, Envirnmental change, climatic change and geochronological methods- documentary evidence, artifacts, majorhorizons, dendrochronology, pollen,thermoluminescence.

Unit-II : Earth movements epeirogenic, orogenic and cymatogenic earth movements. Forces of crustal instability, isostasy, plate tectonics, seismicity, volcanicity, orogenic structures with reference to the evolution of the Himalayas.

Unit-III: Exogenic Processes; concept of gradation, Agents and processes of gradation, causes, types and classification of weathering, massmovement erosional, and depositional processes and resultant landforms and soil formation Slop evolution, down wearing parallel retreat and stope replacement models.

Unit-IV: Nature and scope of oceanography History of oceanography: distribution of land and water:major features of ocean basins: continental margin and deep ocean basins: earth structure and plate tectonics : Marine deposits

Unit-V: Physical and chemical properties of sea water: Interlink between atmospheric circulation and circulation patterns in the oceans:surface currents: thermohaline waves and tides in the oceanic block/Law of the sea,exclusive economic zone, mineral oil deposits and formation of coral-reefs, man and marine Environment.

Suggeasted Readings :

1. Geomorphology : Sparks B.W.

2. Study of landforms: F.J.Small

3. Morphology and Landscope: Harry Rabinson

4. The Unstable Earth : Stears

5. Geomorphology : A.L.Bloom

6. An Guidline of Geomorphology: Wooldrige and Mirgan.

7. Principles of Geomorphology: Thormburey W.D.

8. Geomorphology : Enayat Ahmed

9. Introduction to Geomorphology: Pitty Alister E.

10. Principles of Geomorphology :Eastern Brook D.J.

11. Geology of India : Wadia D.N.

12. Physical Geography of India : Pichamuthy C.S.

13. Geomorphology: Dr. V.T.Gharpure

14. Introductory oceanography : Joseph,W and Howard P.

15. An Introduction to the marine Environment: Peter K.W.

16. Oceanography for geographers : Sharma R.C.& Vatel M.

17. Oceanography and Brief Introduction : K.Siddhartha

18. Submarine Geology : Shepard F.P.

19. Introductory Oceanography : Weisberg, J. & Howard

20. Oceanography- Dr.V.T.Gharpure

Paper-II: Climatology and Ecosystem

Course Contents:

Unit-I : Nature & scope of climatology. composition, mass and structure of the atmosphere.

Insolation heat balance of the earth,green house effect:Forces controlling motion ofair,vertical and horizontal distribution of temperataure. Atmospheric motion: Forces controlling motion of air Air presser belts vertical motion Local winds, jet stream, general circulation in the atmosphere:

Atmospheric moisture : Humidity evaporation, condensation, precipitation formation, types,acidrain,world pattern of precipitation.

Unit-II :- Tropical temperate and high latitude weather systems-concept of air-masses. Fronts atmospheric disturbances, ocean atmospheric interaction-El Nino, south oscillation (ENSO) and Lanina,Global warming : Monsoon winds, norwesters, and cyclones tropical temperate phenomena, climate of India and its controls Western disturbances.

Unit-III: Climatic classification of koppen and thornthwaite, Major climates of the world tropical, temperate desert and mountain climate.

Unit-IV: General systems:ecological concepts:geography as human ecology. Ecology concept and components. Ecosystem- form and function; trophic level, ecological pyramids, ecological niche, energy and nutrients in the ecosystem, hydrological cycle, food chains and food webs.

Unit-V Major terrestrial ecosystem of the world:agricultaure, forest, grassland and desert. Population Growth and environment,carrying capacity of the earth Land resources and world food security, Biodiversity and its depletion.

Preservation and conservation of the ecosystem through resource management .

Suggested Readings

1. Barry R.G. & Chorley P.J. Atmosphere Weather and Climate, Routledge London & New York, 1998.

2. Critetfeild,J.H.: General climatology, Prentice Hall, India, New Delhi; 1993.

3. Das P.K.: Monsoons National Book Trust, New Delhi 1987.

4. Fein, J.S. & Stephens,P.N.: Monsoons Wiley interscience, 1987.

5. India Met Deptt: Climatological table of observatories in India, Govt of India 1968.

6. Lal, D.S.: Climatology, Chaitanya Pub. Allahabad, 1986.

7. Lydolph,P.E.: The climate of the earth, Rowman, 1985.

8. Menon,P.A.: Our weather, N.B.T., New Delhi, 1989

9. Peterson, S.: Introduction to Meteorology. Mc Graw Hill Book,London, 1969.

10. Robinson, P.J. & Henderson S. Contemporary Climatology, Henlow-1999

11. Thompson, R.D. & Perry A : Applied Climatology, Principles & Practice, Routledge, London, 1997.

12. Ackerman,E.A.Geography as a fundamental Research Discipline, university of Chicago Research Paper, 1958.

13. Agrawal A & Sen S : The citizens fifth report. centre for science & Environment New Delhi, 1999.

14. Bertalanffy,L. General systems theory George Bragiller New York, 1958.

15. Bodkin, E.:Environmental studies, charles E. Merril Pub. Co.Columbus, Ohio, 1982.

16. Chandana R.C.:Environmental Awareness, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.1998.

17. Chorley, R.J.: Geomoprphology & General systems theory, U.S.G.S.professional paper,500 B, 1962.

18. Eyre,S.R. & Jones G.R.J.,Geography as Human Ecology.

19. Kormondy, E.J. :Concept of Ecology Prentice hall, 1989.

20. Nobel & Wright : Environmental science,Pentice hall, New York 1996.

21. Odum E.P. Fundamentals of Ecology W.B.Saunders, Philadelphia, 1971.

22. Russwurm, L.H. & Sommerrille,E: Mans Natural Environment- A system approach, Durbury, Massachusetts 1985.

23. Singh S : Environmental Geography, Prayag Publications, Allahabad, 1991

Paper-III

Regional Planning & Development, Geography of Tourism

Unit-I Regional concept in geography, conceptual and theoretical framework, merits and limitations for application to regional planning and development; changing concept of the region from an interdisciplinary view-point, concept of space, area and locational attributes. Types of regions: Formal and functional uniform and nodal, signle purpose and composite region, in the context of planning; regional hierarchy, special purpose regions.

Unit-II Physical regions, resource regions, regional division according to variations in levels of socio-economic development special purpose regions river valley regions, metropolitan regions, problem regions- hilly regions, tribal regions, regions of drought and floods.

Unit-III Approaches to delineation of different types of regions and their utility in planning.

Planning process-sectoral, temporal and spatial dimensions; short, term and long term perspectives of planning. Planning for region’s development and multi regional planning in a national

context, Regional Development Strategies,Concentrations Vs dispersal concept of multi level planning, decentralized planning, Regional development in India- Problems and properties.

Unit-IV Basics of tourism; definition of tourism; Factors infuencing tourism, historical, natural, socio-cultural and economic; motivating factors for piligrimages, leisure, excreation; elements of tourism, tourism as an industry.

Unit-V Tourism Types:- Cultural, ecoethnocoastal and adventure trourism, national and international tourism globalization and tourism, Impact of tourism; Physical, economic and social and perceptional positive and negative impacts;

Environmental laws and tourism current trends, spatial patterns and recent changes; Indian tourism : Regional dimensions of tourists attraction.

Suggested Reading

1. Abler,R.,et.al:Spatial Organisation:The Geographer’s View of the World, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1971.

2. Bhat,L.S.:Regional Planning in India,Statistical Publishing Society, Calcutta, 1973.

3. Bhat,L.S. et al.:Micro-Level Planning:A case study of Karnal Area, Haryana, K.B.Publications, New Delhi, 1976.

4. Chorley,R.J. and Hagget, P.: Models in Geography, Methuen,London,1967

5. Christaller,W.:Central Places in Southern Germany, Translated by C.W. Baskin,Prentice Hall,Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1966.

6. Friedmann,J. and Alonso, W.:Regional Development Policy- A case study of Venezuela,M.I.T. Press Cambridge,Mass, 1967.

7. Friedmann,J and Alonso, W.:Regional Development and Planning- A reader M.I.T.Press, Cambridge, Mass, 1967.

8. Glikson,Arthur:Regional Planning and Development, Netherlands Universities foundation for International Co-operation, London-1955.

9. Gosal,G.S. and Krishan,G.: Regional Disparities in Levels of socio Economic Development in Punjab, Vishal Publications, Kuruksshetra,1984.

10. Government of India, Planning Commission: Third Five Year Plan,

Chapter on Regional Imbalances in Development, New Delhi, 1961.

11. Indian Council of Social Science Research:Survey of Research in Geography, Popular Prakashan, Bombay, 1972.

12. Johnson, E.A.J.:The Organisation of Space in Developing Countries, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1970.

13. Kuklinski, A.R.(ed.): Growth Poles and Growth Centres in Regional Planning, Mouton, The Hague, 1972.

14. Kundu, A. and Raza,Moonis: Indian Economy-The Regional Dimension, Spectrum Publishers, New Delhi, 1982

15. Bhatia A.K.:Tourism Development:Principles and Practices. Sterling Publishers, New Delhi 1996.

16. Bhatiya A.K. International Tourism-Fundamentals and Practices, Sterling, New Delhi, 1991.

17. Chandra R.H.: Hill Tourism: Planning and Development,Kanishka Publishers, Nedw Delhi, 1998.

18. Hunter C and Green H:Tourism and the Environment: A Sustainable Relationship, Routledge, London, 1995.

19. Inskeep E: Tourism Planning:An Integrated and Sustainable Development Approach, Van Nostrand and Reinhold, New York, 1991.

20. Kaul R.K.Dynamics of Tourism & Recreation Inter-India,New Delhi (1985)

21. Kaur J.:Himalayan Pilgrimages & New Tourism Himalayan Books, New Delhi 1985.

22. Lea J.:Tourism and Development in the Third World, Routledge,London, 1988.

23. Milton D.:Geography of World Tourism Prentice.Hall, New York, 1993.

24. Pearce D.G.:Tourism To day:A Geographical Analysis, Harlow, Longman, 1987

25. Robinson,H.A.: Geography of Tourism.Macdonald and Evans, London,1996

26. Sharma J.K.(ed.)Tourism Planning and Development -A New perspective, Kanishka Publishers, New Delhi, 2000.

27. Shaw G. and Williams A.M.:Critical issues in Tourism-A Geographical Perspective Oxford: Blackwell, 1994.

28. Sinha P.C.(ed.):Tourism Impact Assessment, Anmol Publishers,New Delhi, 1998.

29. Theobald W.(ed.) Global Tourism:The Next decade, Oxford, Butterworth, Heinemannm Oxfordm 1994.

30. Voase R.:Tourism: The Next decade,Oxford, Bullerworth, Heinemann, Oxford, 1994.

31. Williams A.M. and Shaw G.(eds.):Tourism and Economic Development-Western European Experiences, Belhaven, London.

32. Williams Stephen : Tourism Geography, Routledge, Contemporary Human Geography, London, 1998.

M.A.Part-I

Geography

Practical-I

Plan of Practicals

Full Marks 100

Unit-I : Study of Topographical Maps 15

Unit-II : Relief Maps 20

Unit-III : Interpretaleon of Weather Map 15

Unit-IV : Climatic Maps 20

Unit-V : Global Position System Instrumental Servey 15

Unit-VI : Viva-voce & Practical Record 15

Total Marks 100

Practical II

Unit I : a) Air Photos and Photogrammetry 10

b) Remote Sensing 10

Unit II : Geographic Information System 15

and Application of Computer

Unit III : Economic Techniques & Mapping 15

Unit IV : Population & Settlement Techniques &

Mapping 15

Unit V : Village Survey 20

Unit VI : Viva-Voce & Practical Record 15

Total Marks 100

M.A.Part-I

Geography

Practical- I

I) Study of topographical Maps : with reference to physical and cultural

elements.

1) Plains 2) Plateau 3) Mountains 4) Sea Coast and desert

II) Relief techniques and Maps

Morphometric analysis :

A) Drawing of profile

i) Longitulanal ii) Traverse iii) Superimposed iv) Projected

v) Composite

B) Slope Analysis Method :

i) Went worth’s Methods ii) Smith Methods iii) Robinson

Methods iv) Miller’s Medhods

C) Drawing of and interpretation of the following graphs.

i) Hypsographic curve ii) Clinographic Curve iii) Altimetric

frequency graph,

D) Drainage Analysis

i) Stream Orders ii) Drainage density

E) Block Diagrams

III Interpretation & Indian Daily Weather Maps

a) Winter Season

b) Summer Season

c) Rainy Season

d) Construction of Weather station models

e) Weather forcasting

M.A.Part-I

IV Climatic Techniques and Mapping:

I Tailor’s Fosters Climograph

II Hyther graph

III Climatography

IV Running means and trend graph

V Equiplyves and Equivaraibles

VI Rainfall dispersion Diagrame

VII Frequency graph

VIII Index and Aridity and moisture

IX Wind Rosos Diagramme

X Co-efficient of variation maps

XI Superimposed diagramme.

V Preparation of report from the tourist point of view of selected tourist

centres.

VI Viva-Voce and Practical Record.

M.A.Part-I

Geography

Practical II

Unit-I a) An Aerial photos and photogrammetry: elements of photographic system, types, scale and ground converages.

b) Remote sensing: Application; Imagery processing

Unit-II Geographic Information System ( G.I.S.) and Computer:

Applications, elements techniques and uses.

Use of computer and application in Geography.

Unit-III Economic Maps and Techniques

i) Divided rectangle

ii) Compond Graph

iii) Columnar diagrams

iv) Accessibility Isopleth

v) Connectivity Index

vi) Scatter Diagram

vii) Triangular graph.

Unit IV Population and Settlements : Techniques and Mapping

i) Choropleth map of population density

ii) Population pyramids - Absolute, compounds Comparable and superimposad.

iii) Proportional Circles, squares, cubes & spheres

iv) Band graph

v) Net migratra

vi) Sex Radio Map

vii) Population Potentials

viii)Distance decay map

ix) Interaction model

x) Density of rural settlements

Unit-V Village Survey: With using the plane table and clinometre in socio-economic and land use point of view.

Unit-VI Viva-voce & Practical Records:

Suggested Readings:-

1. Misra R.P. and Ramesh, A.Fundamentals of Cartography, McMillan Co., New Delhi, 1986.

2. Pal,S.K. Statistics for Geoscientists-Techniques and Applications, Concept, New Delhi, 1998.

3. Robinson,A.H. et al.:Elements of Cartography, John Wiley & Sons, U.S.A. 1995.

4. Sarkar A.K. Practical Geography: A Systematic Approach, Oriental Longman, Calcutta, 1997.

5. Singh,R.L. and Dutt,P.K.:Elements of Practical Geography, Kalyani, Publishers, New Delhi, 1979.

6. Aronoff S.Geographic Information Systems: A Management Perspective,DDL Publication Ottawa, 1989.

7. Burrough P.A.:Principles of Geographic information Systems for Land Resource Assessment Oxford University Press, New York, 1986.

8. Fraser Taylor D.R.Geographic information Systems. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991

9. Maquire D.J.M.F. Goodchild and D.W.Rhind (eds.)Geographic information Systems:Principles and Application. Taylor & Francis, Washington,1991

10. Mark S Monmonier. Computer-assisted Cartography,Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliff, New Jersey, 1982.

11. Peuquet D.J. and D.F.Marble, Introductory Reading in Geographic Information Systems. Taylor & Francis, Washington, 1990

12. Star J and J Estes. Geographic Information Systems: An Introduction. Prentice Hall, Englewood, Cliff, New Jersey, 1994.

13. American Society of Photogrammetry: Manual of Remote Sensing. ASP, Falls Church, V.A.1983.

14. Barrett E.C. and L.F.Curtis:Fundamentals of Remote Sensing and Air Photo Interpretation, Mcmillan, New York, 1992.

15. Compbell J.:Introduction to Remote Sensing, Guilford,New York 1989.

16. Curran, Paul J.:Principles of Remote sensing, Longman, London, 1985.

17. Hord R.M.:Digital Image Processing of Remotely Sensed Data, Academic New York 1989.

18. Luder D.:Aerial Photography Interpretation: Principles and Application McGraw Hill, New York 1959.

19. Pratt W.K.Digital Image Processing, Wiley, New York, 1978.

20. Rao D.P.(eds) Remote Sensing for Earth Resources, Association of Exploration Geophysicist, Hyderabad, 1998.

21. Thomas M. Lillesand and Ralph W.Kefer, Remote Sensing and Image Inter-pretation john Wiley & sons, New York, 1994.

22. Clendinning,J. Principles and use of Surveying Instruments. 2nd edition, Blockie.A 1958.

23. Clendinning, J Principles of surveying 2nd edition 1960.

24. Hotine, Major M. The re-triangulation of Great Britain. Empire survey review 1935.

25. Mitra,R.P. and Ramesh A: Fundamentals of Cartography Revised Edition, Concept Publication, New Delhi.

26. Monkhouse-Maps and diagrams Methuen 1971.

27. Negi,Balbir Singh, Practical Geography Third revised Ed. Kedar Nath and Ram Nath Meerut & Delhi, 1994-95.

28. Sandover, J.A. Plane Surveving Arnold 1961.

29. Singh & Karanjta- Map work and Practical Geography Central Book Dept. Allahabad 1972

30. Singh, R.L. and Dutt, P.K. Elements of Practical Geography, Students Friends Allahabad. 1968

*****

SYLLABUS PRESCRIBED FOR

M.A.PART-II GEOGRAPHY

Notes :

1) The theory papers shall have five units each.

2) There will be one question on each Units. Each question will have an alternate choice.

3) The Theory papers shall be of three hours duration and each practical examination shall be of four hours duration.

4) The syllabus of each theory paper is based on four clock hours per week and each practical on four clock hours per week , Per batch of 10 students. There shall be seminar for students of two clock hours per batch per week.

5. Preparation of report from the tourist point of view at selected tourist centres for every student.

Paper-I

History of Geographical thought and Political Geography

Unit-I The field of Historical Geography : its place in the classification of sciences, Geography as a social Science, and natural Science, Selected concepts in the philosophy of the Geography, distributions, relationship, interactions, areal differentiation & spatial organisation.

Unit-II Dualisms in geography: systematic & regional geography: Physical & Human geography. systematic geography & its relation with systematic sciences & with regional geography. The myth & reality about dualisms.

Unit-III Historical Development

Contribution of different scholars during ancient medieval & modern period. Geography in the 20th century, conceptual and methodological developments and changing paradigms, status of Indian geography, future of Geography task ahead relating to development of Geographic thought with special referance to changing views on man-environment relationship.

Unit-IV Definitions, Nature & scope of political Geography, Geopolitics & its origin:-Heartland Rimland theories Evolution of state-origin of state and nation, Types of Boundries & Frontiers, Boundary Problem in India.

Unit-V Geopolitical significance of Indian oceans Geopolitical importance of SAARC region in modern world. The changing political map of India, conflict resolutions insurgency in Frontal States.

Books Recommended.

1) Abler, Ronald, Adoms, John S.Gould petes, Spatial organization . The Geographers view of the world, Prentice Hall, N.J.1971.

2) Ali S.M. : The Geography of Puranas, People Publishing House Delhi, 1966.

3) Amedeo, Douglas: An Introduction to scientific Reasoning in Geography, John Willy, U.S.A. 1971.

4) Dikshit, R.D.(ed) The art and science of Geography Integrated Readings, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.1994.

5) Hartshorne R.: Perspectives on Nature of Geography, Rand Mc.Nally & Co.1959.

6) Husain M: Evolution of Geographic Thought, Rewad Pub. Jaipur 1984.

7) Johnston, R.J.: Philosophy and Human Geography, Edword London, 1983.

8) Johnston R.J. : The Future of Geography, Methuen London 1968.

9) Minshull R. : The changing Nature of Geography Hutchinson University Library London, 1970.

10) Peet Richard : Radical Geography Mathuen London 1977.

11) Taylor G : Geography in the 20th century, Mathurn and Co.London 1951.

Paper-II

Geography of Water Resources and Economic Activities

Unit-I Water as a natural resources and focus of geographical interest. Inventary and distribution of World's water Resources. (Surface and Sub-surface).

The basic hydrologic cycle; Precipitation; Potential- evapotrans piration and intersection losses, run-off.

Unit-II Water demand and use, Agricultural and Non-agricultural

Soil Water : Crop-relationship Major & Minor.

Irrigation methods of distribution of water to farms: Water Harvesting Techniques & water conservation.

Water Problems : Pollution, Logging, alkanity of Soil

Unit-III Problems of water Resource Management : Floods, Structural and Non structural, adjustment of flood Hazards.

Drought occurance, Major Drought Management conservation and Planning for development of water resources

Water shed an water - shed management.

Unit-IV Geography of Economic Activities : Meaning, Nature, Scope, cultural Development.

Economic Activities: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quartemary, Bases of Economic Activities: Physical, Economic and Urban.

Unit-V Spatial organization of economic classification. Gunner Myredel's Model and Rostow's Model of Economic Development.

Theories of Economic Activities:

1) The vanthunen : Theory

2)The Webber Theory

3) Losch Theory

4) Christaller Central Place Theory

5) Fetter Theory.

Books Recommended.

1) Agarwal, Anil & Sunita Narayan: Dying Wisdom: Raise, Fall & Potential of India’s Traditional water Harvesting system. Centre for science & Environment, New Delhi (1997)

2) Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture, Report of the Irrigation Commission, Vol, 1 to IV. New Delhi 1972.

3) Government of India. Ministry of Energy & Irrigation. Reshtriya Barh Ayog (Report-National Commission of Floods) Vol-I & II New Delhi 1980.

4) International Water Resource Association & Central Board of Irrigation & Power : Water of Human Needs, Vol-I to Vth, Proceedings of the second world Congress on Water Resource 12-16 Dec.1975 New Delhi.

5) Jones J.A. : Global Hydrology : Processes, Resources and Environmental, Management, Longman 1997.

6) Law, B.C. (ed) Mountains & Rivers of India IGU National Committee for Geography, Calcutta (1968)

7) Michel A.M. : Irrigation : Theory and Practices, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi 1978.

8) Matter.J.R. : Water resources, Distribution, Use & Management, John Viley, Mary land-1984

9) Newson M.Land, Water & Development River Basin systems and their sustainable management. Roultedge London-1992

10) Rao K.L.: India’s Water Wealth, Orient Longman, New Delhi -1979.

11) Singh R.A. & Singh S.R. : Water Management Principles & Practices, Tara Pub. Varanasi 1979.

12) Tideman, E.M. : Water shed Management : Guidelines for Indian conditions, Omega, New Delhi ,1996.

13) Todd D.K. Ground water, Hydrology: John Wiley, New York, 1959.

14) Verghese B.G. : Water of Hope : Integrated water Resource Development & Regional Co-operation within the Himalayan, Ganga, Brahmaputra Barak Basin, Oxford I.B.N. , New Delhi 1990.

15) Chattergi S.P. : EconomicGeography of Asin Aflied Book, Agency, Calcutta, 1984.

16) Dreze J and Sen A (ed) : Indian Economic Development and Social opportunity. Oxford University Press, New Delhi 1986.

17) Rostov W.W. :The stages of Economic growth, Cambridge, University Press, London,1960.

18) Wheeter J.O. etial : Economic Geography Jonhs Wiley New York 1995.

Paper -III

a) Geography of Population

(Optional)

Unit-I Changing Nature of population geography, Approches and Methodology, Factors Affecting distribution of Population & Density : Physical Factors, socio Cultural Factors & Demographic Factors . Theories of Population growth:Malthus, Thomas Robert, Sadier, Thomas Double day, Herbert Spencer, Georgs, Dumond Ricards, Marx, Demographic Transition theory & stages.

Unit-II Components of Population change:

1) Fertility & its measures, determinants & pattern

2) Mortality & its Measures, determinants, and pattern Population Composition :- Sex composition &its determinants, Age composition & its determinants, Economic composition & its determinants, Religion, Literacy & Maritta status.

Unit-III Migration : Migation types, Determinants of migration, Laws of Migration, Micro Analytical Model, Migration in India Population & Resources : Optimum Population Over population , Under population , Population explosion, Population projection, Population potential

Unit-IV Population in India : Density, Distribution and Growth of Population;

Composition of population in India : Sex, Age, Marittal Status. Religion, Rural - Urban, Literacy, Occupation Composition.

Unit-V Population & Development : Socio economic development, Population polices in developed & less developed countries, Human development Index & its components, India’s Population policies, Population & environment, Implication for the future ,

Books Recommended.

1) Bilasborrow, Richard E and Doniel Hogen, Population and Deforestation in the Humid Tropics, International union for the scientific study of population Belgium (1999)

2) Bogue, D.J. : Principles in Demography, John Wiley , New York (1969)

3) Bose, Ashish et.al: Population in Indias Development (1947- 2000) Vikas publishing Hourse, New Delhi (1974)

4) Census of India, A State profile (1991)

5) Chandana R.C. Geography of population : concept Determinants and patterns Kalyani Publishers, New York (2000)

6) Clarke, John I. Population Geography, pergamen press, oxford 1973.

7) Crook, Nigel Principles of population and Development pergon press, New York 1997.

8) Doughelty Helen Gin, Kenneth C.W. Kammeyir, An Introduction to population (Second Edition) The Guilford press, New York, London. 1998.

9) Garnier B.J. Geography of population, Laongman London (1970)

10) Kochhar Rajesh. The Vedic people : Their History and Geography Orient Longmem Ltd. New Delhi (2000)

11) Mamoria C.B. : Indias population problem, Kitab Mahal, New Delhi (1981)

12) Mitra, Ashok, Indias population : Aspect of quality and control Vol.I & II Abhinar Publication, New Delhi (1978)

13) Premi, M.K. : Indias population : Heading Towards & Billion, B.R.Publishing Corporation, 1991.

14) Shrinivasan, K and M. Vlassoff. population Development Nexus in India : Challanges for the New Millennium, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi 2001.

15) Srinivasan K. Basic Demogrophic Techniques and Applications Sage publications, New Delhi. 1998.

16) Sundaram K.V. and Sudesh Nangia (ed) Population Geography, Heritage publications, New Delhi 1986.

17. U.N.D.P. : Uuman Development Report, Oxford University press, Oxford 2000.

18) United Nations, Methods for projections of urban and Rural population No.VIII New York 1974.

19) Woods R: Population Analysis in Geography Longman London 1979.

20) Zelinsky Wilbur, A prologue to population Geography. Prentice Hall 1966.

Paper -III

b) AGRICULTURE - GEOGRAPHY

(OPTIONAL)

Unit-I Nature, Scope Significance and Development of agricultural geography. Approched to the study of agricultural geography ; Commodity,Systematic and Regional systems. Origin and dispersel of agriculture. Sources of agricultural data.

Unit-2 Determinants of agricultural landuse Physical, Economics, Social and Techonological. Landholding and Land tenure systems, Land reforms, Landuse policy and planning Selected agricultural concept and their measurements, Cropping patterns. Crop concentration, Intensity of cropping, Degree of commercial is ation,Divesification and Specialisation, Efficiency and Productivity, Crop combination —regions and agricultural development. Green-revolution- its impact with its consequences.

Unit-III Theories of agricultural location based on severl muti- dimensioned factors: Von Thenuhs theory of agricultural location and it’s recent madifications,whittleseyes classfication of agricultural regions, Landuse and Land Capabitily.

Unit-IV Agriculture in India - landuse and shifting cropping patern. Regional pattern of productivity in India. Green revalution, White revalation, food deficial and food surplus regions. nutritional index. Specific problems in Indian agriculture and their management and planning.

Unit-V Contemporary issues : Food, nutrition and hunger, Food security and Droughts food aid programmes, Environmental degradation, Role of irrigation, Fertilizers, Insectisides and Pesticides and Techonological know-how Employment in agricultural sectors, Landless labours, Woman, children : Occupational, health and agricultural acitivities.

Books Recommended

1. Bayliss Smith, T.P.: The Ecology of Agricultural systems, Cambridge University press, Landon, 1987.

2. Berry, B.J.L.et. of : The Geography of Economic systems, Prentice Hall, New York, 1976.

3. Brown, L.R. : The Changing world Food prospects: The nineties and Beyond. World Watch Institute, Washington P.C. 1990.

4. Dyson. T. : Population and Food- Global Trends and Future Prospects, Routledge, London, 1996.

5. Gregor, H.P. : Geography of Agriculture. Prentice Hall, New York 1970.

6. Grigg, D.B : The Agricultural systems of the world.

Cambridge University Press, New York, 1974.

7. Hartshron,T.N.and Alexander, J.W : Economic Geography, Prentice Hall New Delhi, 1988.

8. Mannion, A.M. : Agriculture and Environmental Change John Wiley, London, 1995.

9. Morgan, W.B.and Norton, R.J.C : Agricultural Geography : Mathuen, London, 1971.

10. Morgan, W.B. : Agriculture in Third World - A Spatial Analysis Westview Press, Boulder, 1978.

11. Sauer. C.O. : Agricultural Origins and Disparsals. M.I.T. Press, Mass, U.S.A. 1969.

12. Singh J. and Dhillon, S.S. : Agricultural Geography, Tata Mc Graw Hill pub: New Delhi, 1988.

13. Tarrant, J.R.: Agricultural Geography, Wiley, New York, 1974.

PRACTICAL - I

(FOR THE OPTIONAL OFFERED)

A) STATISTICAL METHODS AND TECHNIQUES :-

I) Significance of stastistical methods in Geography Analysis.

ii) Graphs of Frequency Distribution, Histogram Frequency polygon, Cumalative Frequency Curve.

iii) Measures of Dispersion : Range, Quartile, Devation, Mean Deviation, Standard Devidern Relative Measures of Dispersion.

iv) Probalitily Distribution

v) Correlation Analysis:

1) Pearson’s product Moment correlation of coefficient

2) Spearman’s Rank Correlation of coefficient

3) Kendall’s correlation coefficient

vi) Regression analysis : Liner Regresion for two variables.

vii) Sampling

viii) Index number

ix) Analysis of Tine series

x) Hypothesis Testing : X2 (chi-squrve) Test ‘Z’ test and ‘T’ test.

(B) Cartographic Method :

Preparation and interpretation of Map & Diagram & Relating to the

option offered.

AGRICULTURAL GEOGRAPHY (OPTIONAL)

I) Locational quetiont, Crop combination techniques. (Weaver, Dei, Rafiallah R)

ii) Index of Diversification : Gibba, Martin, Bhatiya.

iii) Crop concentration Index

iv) Agriculture Efficiency.

v) Lorenz curve and Ginis coefficient

vi) Analysis of Association between Relief and Landuse by Chi-quare.

vii) Agricultural productivity.

viii)Carrying Capacity Index

Population Geography (Optional)

1) Population Density : Geographical Density, Relative technics of Density Map.

2) Age. Sex pyramids.

3) Child Women Ratio

4) Depandency Ratio

5) Tertility rate

6) Age specific Mortality rate

7) Population - Growth rate

8) Population projection.

9) Population petential

10) Lorenz Curve

11) Certragraplic Analysis

12) Index of segregation and Index of relative differences.

13) Gibb’s Method of population growth rate.

M.A.Part-II : GEOGRAPHY

Plan of practical examination :-

Practical - I

A : Statistical Techniques and Mapping

3 question - calculation ...... 30 .... 10-10-10

Intespretation ........... 10 ... 04-03-03

B. Construction of Maps and diagrams

2 questions

Drawing of maps ...... 30..... 15..15

Interpretation ........ 10.... 05..05

Viva- Voce on practical record 15.... 15

Attendence and library work 05 05

--------

Total 100

PRACTICAL - II

Survey And Project Work

A) Dumpy Level instrument Servey

a) Raise and fall

b) Collimation

B) Short Research Paper :

Use Suitable Statistical and cartographic techniques for analysis.

C) Writting a Geographical tour report;Probably out of Maharashtra

region.

PRACTICAL -II

Survey And Project Work

Plan of Practical Examination : Marks

A) Dumpy Level Instrument Survey ............ 20

B) Research Paper Writting ............ 40

Viva Voce ——————— 10

C) Geographical Report on Tour —— 20

Viva Vice ————— 10

——————————

100

Books Recommended.

1. Haring L.L.and Lousbury J.F.: Introduction to Scientific Geographic Research, Arizona State University.

2. Durrenberger Robert : Geographical Research and writtingThomas Y. Crowell co. New York.

3. Jones P.A. : Field work in Geography, Longman London 1968.

4. Stoddard, R.H. : Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography. Kendall Hunt Publishing Co.Dubuque, 1982.

5. Aslam Mahamood : Statistical Methods in Geographic Studies.Rajesh Publications, New Delhi. 1977.

6. Gregory, S : Statistical Methods and the Geographer Longman, London 1963.

7. King L.J. : Statistical Analysis in Geography . Prentice Hall Engliwood cliffs N.J.

8. Toyne Peter and Newby Peter, T. : Techniques in Human Geography. Macmillan, Education ltd. London.

9. Hammond R.and Mccullagh P.: Quantitative Techniques in Geography . Clarendon Press oxford 1974.

10. Gupta C.B. : An Introduction to statistical Methods Vikas Publishing house pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.

11. Singh Jashri and Dhillon, D.S. : Agricultural Geography Tata MacGraw Hill New Delhi

12 Fitezerald B.P. (Ed) :Statistic in Geography Part-1, 2,3 & 4 .

Oxford University, Press London

13. Mandal, R.B. (ED) : Statistics for Geographers and Social Scientists concept New Delhi.

14. Sapre, S.G.and Deshpande, C.D.: Inter District Variations in Agricultural Efficiency India Journal of Agricultural Econimics Vol.19 Nos.1 1964.

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